Power Struggle: World Energy in the Twenty-First Century
Author: John R Moroney
Can catastrophic climate change in this century be averted without strangling the world economy and global aspirations for improved living standards, which depend on the continuing prominence of fossil fuels in the 21st century? Power Struggle: World Energy in the Twenty-First Century argues that it can. The solution to the dilemma, says Professor Moroney, lies in the commercial development of zero-emission coal plants. Half of all human CO2 emissions originate in 8,000 electric power plants, refineries, steel mills, and other manufacturing facilities around the world. The technology is at hand to capture the CO2 emissions from these big plants and store them permanently and harmlessly in geological traps and the deep ocean instead of releasing them into the atmosphere. Numerous carbon capture and storage technologies are in various stages of experimentation and small-scale demonstrations. Although large-scale storage operations are not yet in place anywhere, coal-fired power plants with near-total capture of CO2 emissions will become operational in the U.S. and Western Europe as early as 2012. A second key theme in Power Struggle is that unconventional oil and gas are feasible long-term substitutes for conventional oil and gas. A third key contribution of Power Struggle is to demonstrate the tight coupling between energy per capita and real standards of living.
Robert Eagan - Library Journal
In this solid, if pedestrian, survey of world energy issues, Moroney (economics, Texas A&M Univ.) argues that oil, natural gas, and coal-fuels now representing 85 percent of all energy consumed around the globe-will continue to dominate despite predicted depletion of world reserves. Renewable energy solutions are largely discounted here, and conservation measures are not mentioned. Moroney worries about radioactive waste storage from nuclear power plants, yet he puts great faith in the development of capture-and-storage technologies of CO2 fossil-fuel emissions. The author's claim that his text is fit for "nonspecialized adult audiences" seems accurate. For larger collections.
Table of Contents:
Illustrations
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
1 Why Energy Is Essential 1
Introduction 1
The Vital Role of Energy 2
Energy in Everyday Life 3
Energy and Real Living Standards in the G-7 4
Energy and Real Living Standards in the D-6 8
Commercial and Traditional Energies 9
Energy and Real Living Standards in Low-Income Countries 9
Nonmonetary Elements of Real Living Standards 10
Economic Growth Improves the Quality of Life 14
The Role of Energy in Economic Growth 15
Conclusions 16
2 World and Regional Energy Demand 19
Introduction 19
World Primary Energy Demand 21
Primary Energy Demand in the United States 23
Primary Energy Demand in the European Union and Japan 26
Primary Energy Demand in the D-6 27
Income Elasticities in Developing Countries 29
Projections of Energy Demand 30
Oil Refining and Distribution 30
Conclusions 32
3 Energy Reserves and Production 35
Introduction 35
Proved Reserves Compared with Probable Reserves 36
Oil Reserves and Production 37
Natural Gas Reserves and Production 40
Coal Reserves and Production 42
Three Stages of Conventional Oil Production (Excluding Oil Shale and Tar Sands) 46
Exploration and Development of New Reserves 50
Politics of Revenue Sharing 51
World Energy Growth until 2030 52
Projected Energy Supplies 54
Electricity: Projections to 2030 (Reference Case) 60
Conclusions 63
4 Energy Prices and Costs 67
Introduction 67
Markets for Fossil Fuels 68
Short-Term vs. Long-Term Prices 70
Real Prices of Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Coal 72
Price Projections Through 2030 76
Future Costs of Uranium and Thorium 78
Renewable Energies 79
Conclusions 80
5 Imports andExports-Oil, Natural Gas, and Coal 83
Introduction 83
Comparative Costs 84
Where Do U.S. Imports Come From? 87
Global Oil Exports and Imports 88
U.S. Natural Gas Imports 92
Global Natural Gas Exports and Imports 92
Global Coal Exports and Imports 94
Conclusions 95
6 Energies for the Future 99
Introduction 99
The Roles of Natural Resources 100
The Age of Substitutability: Infinite Energy? 101
The Future of Conventional Oil 105
Why the Middle East Is the Key to Conventional Peak Oil Production 111
Unconventional Oil: Economics, Technology, and Politics 116
Unconventional Gas 120
Conclusions 122
7 Fossil Fuels, Carbon Dioxide, and Global Warming 125
Introduction 125
Greenhouse Gas Emissions 126
A Scientific Consensus on CO[subscript 2] and Global Warming 129
Industry Viewpoints on Fossil Fuels and Global Warming 130
The Kyoto Protocol 132
Politics of Global Warming 134
Regional Carbon Dioxide Emissions 135
Carbon Dioxide Intensities of Production 136
Past and Projected Climate Changes 139
Some Costs of Global Warming 139
Regional Warming in the United States 140
CO[subscript 2] Capture and Storage 141
Conclusions 146
8 Conclusions 149
Energy in the Twenty-First Century 149
International Trade 152
Global Warming 153
China's Growing Military Power 155
Conflicts in the Middle East 156
Global Trends in Energy and Wealth 157
An Uncertain Future 158
Glossary 161
References 167
Index 175
The Resilient Enterprise: Overcoming Vulnerability for Competitive Advantage
Author: Yossi Sheffi
Gold Award Winner for Business and Economics in the 2005 ForeWord Magazine Book of the Year Awards
What happens when fire strikes the manufacturing plant of the sole supplier for the brake pressure valve used in every Toyota? When a hurricane shuts down production at a Unilever plant? When Dell and Apple chip manufacturers in Taiwan take weeks to recover from an earthquake? When the U.S. Pacific ports are shut down during the Christmas rush? When terrorists strike? In The Resilient Enterprise, Yossi Sheffi shows that companies' fortunes in the face of such business shocks depend more on choices made before the disruption than they do on actions taken in the midst of it--and that resilience benefits firms every day, disaster or no disaster. He shows how companies can build in flexibility throughout their supply chains, based on proven design principles and the right culture--balancing security, redundancy, and short-term profits. And he shows how investments in resilience and flexibility not only reduce risk but create a competitive advantage in the increasingly volatile marketplace.
Sheffi describes the way companies can increase security--reducing the likelihood of a disruption--with layered defenses, the tracking and analysis of “near-misses,” fast detection, and close collaboration with government agencies, trading partners, and even competitors. But the focus of the book is on resilience--the ability to bounce back from disruptions and disasters--by building in redundancy and flexibility. For example, standardization, modular design, and collaborative relationships with suppliers (and other stakeholders) can help create a robust supplychain. And a corporate culture of flexibility--with distributed decision making and communications at all levels--can create a resilient enterprise.
Sheffi provides tools for companies to reduce the vulnerability of the supply chain they live in. And along the way he tells the stories of dozens of enterprises, large and small, including Toyota, Nokia, General Motors, Zara, Land Rover, Chiquita, Aisin Seiki, Southwest Airlines, UPS, Johnson and Johnson, Intel, Amazon.com, the U.S. Navy, and others, from across the globe. Their successes, failures, preparations, and methods provide a rich set of lessons in preparing for and managing disruptions.
Additional material available at TheResilientEnterprise.com
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